INDIA

ITG/12

Date:25-6-2003

National Guidelines

for the Conduct of Test for

Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability

Groundnut

(Arachis hypogaea L.)
 

Contents

I.            Subject

II.           Material required

III.          Conduct of tests

IV.          Methods and observations

V.           Grouping of varieties

VI.          Characteristics and symbols

VII.         Table of characteristics

VIII.        Explanations on the table of characteristics

IX.          Technical questionnaire

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I.   Subject

These test guidelines apply to all varieties of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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II.   Material required

  1. The Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Authority decides when, where and in what quantity and quality the seed material required for testing the variety is to be delivered.  Applicants submitting material from a country other than India must make sure that all customs formalities are complied with.  The minimum quantity of seed to be supplied by the applicant should be :

    7 kg seed (pods) in one submission (only pods will be accepted)

  2. The seed should meet the minimum requirements for germination capacity, moisture content and physical purity prescribed for certified seed in India . Especially for storage, which requires a higher standard, the applicant should state, the actual germination capacity, which should not be less than 80 per cent.
     

  3. The seed material must not have undergone any treatment unless the competent authorities allow or request such treatment.  If it has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given.  

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III.   Conduct of tests

  1. The minimum duration of tests should normally be two independent similar growing seasons with reference to the ecosystem of the variety submitted for DUS test.
     

  2. The test should normally be conducted at two test locations. If any important characteristics of the variety can not be seen at these places, the variety may be tested at an additional place.
     

  3. The field tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring normal growth.  The size of the plots should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement and counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made upto the end of the growing period. Each test should include about 300 plants, which should be divided among three replications. Separate plots for observation and for measurement can only be used if they have been subjected to similar environmental conditions.
     

  4. Test plot design

    Number of rows

    :  4

    Row length

    :  6m

    Row to row distance

    :  75cm

    Plant to plant distance

    :  20cm

    Number of replications

    :  3

     

  5. Observations should not be recorded on plants in border rows.  
      

  6. Additional tests for special purpose may be established.

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IV.   Methods and observations

  1. The characteristics described in the table of characteristics should be used for the testing of varieties for DUS.
      

  2. For the assessment of distinctness and stability observations should be made on 30 plants or parts of 30 plants which should be divided among 3 replications (10 plants per replication).  
      

  3. For the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on the plot as a whole (visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants) a population standard of 1% with an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. The number of aberrant plants or parts of plants should not exceed 4 in 300 plants.

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V.   Grouping of varieties

  1. The collection to be grown should be divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness. Characteristics that are suitable for grouping purposes are those which are known from experience not to vary, or to vary only slightly, within a variety and which in their various states are fairly evenly distributed within the collection.  
      

  2. It is recommended that the competent authorities use the following characteristics for grouping varieties.

    i.                    Commercial grouping (Questionnaire 1C)
    ii.                  Flowering pattern on side branches (Characteristic  7)
    iii.                Time of maturity (for curing) (Characteristic 9)
    iv.                 Kernel : weight of 100 kernels  (Characteristic 18)
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VI. Characteristics and symbols

  1. To assess distinctness, uniformity and stability, the characteristics and their states as given in the Table of Characteristics should be used.  
      

  2. Notes (1 to 9), for the purposes of electronic data processing, are given opposite the states of the different characteristics.  
      

  3. Legend :

    (*)        Characteristics that should be used every growing period for the examinations of all varieties and should always be included in the description of the variety, except when the state of expression of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this impossible.

    (+)       See Explanations on the table of characteristics in Chapter VIII.
      

  4. The optimum stage of plant growth for assessment of each characteristics is indicated in the sixth column of table of characteristics.
      

  5. Type of assessment of characteristics indicated in column 7 of table of characteristics is as follows :

    MG : Measurement by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants

    MS : Measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants

    VG : Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants

    VS : Visual assessment by observations of individual plants or parts of plants  

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VII. Table of characteristics

S.No.

Characteristics

States 

Note

Example varieties

Stage of observation Type of assessment

1.
(*)
(+)

Plant: growth habit

Erect  
Semi-erect  
Prostrate

1
2
3

ALR 1
Chitra  
 Punjab 1

Flowering

VG

2.
(+)

Prostrate varieties only:  
Main stem: growth habit

Erect
Collapsed                                             

1
2

Punjab 1

 

Flowering

 

VG

3.  
(+)

Prostrate varieties only :  
Side branches :  growth habit

Flat                                                        Tips slightly upturned 
Tips moderately upturned              Tips strongly upturned
Tips very strongly upturned 

1
3
5
7
9

ICG(FDRS)10

M 13
M 335  
M 37

Flowering

VG

4.

Leaflet : size (fully developed basal leaflet)

Small  (<4.0 cm)
Medium  (<4.0 –6.0 cm) 
Large  (>6.0 cm)

3
5
7

CSMG 84-1
ALR 2  
GG 3

Flowering

MS

5.

Leaflet : colour

Light green
Green
Dark green

3
5
7

GG 3
M 145
ALR 2

Flowering

VG

6.

Stem : pubescence

Absent
Sparse  
Medium
Dense

1
3
5
7

M 13
IGGV 86325
Girnar-1

Flowering

VS

7.  
(*)
(+)

Flowering pattern on  side branches

 

Alternate
Sequential
Irregular with flowers on the main
axis
Irregular without flowers on the main axis

1
2
3

4

BAU 13
AK 12-24
ALR 2

ICGV 86325

Flowering

VG

8.  
(+)

Inflorescence

 

Simple
Multiple
Elongated                                             

1
2
3

GG 3
ICGV 86325  
ICG(FDRS)4

Flowering

VG

9.  
(*)

Time of  maturity (for curing)

Early (< 91 days) 
Medium (91-110 days)
Late (>110 days)

3
5
7

MH 4
JL 24  
Somnath

Harvest maturity

VG

10.
(*)
(+)

Pod : constriction

Absent
Shallow
Medium
Deep
Very deep

1
3
5
7
9

ICG(FDRS)4
ICGV 86325  
JL 24

Within a month of harvest

VG

11.
(*)
(+)

Pod : texture (reticulation)

 

 

Absent
Slight
Medium
Prominent
Very prominent

1
3
5
7
9

TG 26
ALR 1  
GG 20  
BAU 13  
ICG(FDRS) 10

Within a month of harvest

VG

12.

Pod : Number of kernels (on 100 pod basis)

>60% 1 seeded
>60% 2 seeded
>60% 3 seeded  >60% 4 seeded

1
2
3
4

 
GG 2
CGV 86590

Within a month of harvest

MS

13.
(*)
(+)

Pod : Prominence of beak

Absent
Slight
Medium
Prominent
Very prominent

1
3
5
7
9

SG 84
RS 138  
ICGV 86590

Within a month of harvest

VS

14.
(*)

Pod : Shape of beak

Straight
Curved

1
2

ICGV 86590

Within a month of harvest

VS

15.
(*)

Kernel : colour

Monochrome
Variegated 

1
2

GG 20
TMV 10

Within a month of harvest

VG

16.   (*)

Varieties with monochrome testa only :
Kernel : colour of testa

White
Off white
Tan
Rose
Salmon         
Red              
Dark red       
Purple           
Dark purple 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9


Girnar 1
M 13  
Gangapuri  
M 145

Within a month of harvest

VG

17.  
(+)

Kernel : Shape

 

Spheroidal
Cylindrical
Fusiform 

1
2
3

GG 2
GG 20  
RS 138  

Within a month of harvest VG

18.
(*)

Kernel : weight of 100 kernels (7% moisture)

Low       (<36 g)
Medium (36-50 g)
High     ( >50 g)        

3
5
7

AK 12-24
ALR 1  
TKG 19A

Within a month of harvest

 

19.
(*)

Seed : dormancy

Absent 
Present       

1
9

GG 2  
 Punjab 1

7th  day of  harvest

MG

20.

Kernel : percentage of shell

Low (<66)
Medium (66-75)
High (>75) 

3
5
7

BAU 13  
GG 11  
Tirupati 1

Within a month of harvest

MG


VIII. Explanations on the table of characteristics

Characteristic 1. Plant : growth habit

  1
erect		 2
semi-erect		 3
prostrate

 

Characteristic 2. Prostrate varieties only : Main stem : growth habit

1
erect

2
collapsed

 

Characteristic 3. Prostrate varieties only : Side branches :  growth habit

1 
 flat

3
tips slightly upturned

5
 tips moderately upturned
     7
       tips strongly upturned		 9                                  
tips  very strongly  upturned                                

 

Characteristic 7. Flowering pattern on side branches

      1
alternate

      2
sequential

      3
irregular with flowers on main axis

         4
irregular without flowers on main axis

 

Characteristic 8. Inflorescence

1
simple		 2
multiple		 3
elongated

 

Characteristic 10. Pod constriction

1
absent		 3
shallow		 5
medium		 7
deep		   9
 very deep

 

Characteristic 11. Pod : texture of surface (reticulation)

1
absent		 3
slight		 5
medium		 7
prominent		 9
very prominent

 

Characteristic 13. Pod : prominence of beak

1
absent		 3
slight		 5
medium		 7
prominent		 9
very prominent

 

Characteristic 17. Kernel : Shape

1
spheroidal		 2
cylindrical		 3
fusiform
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IX. Technical questionnaire

      

Reference Number
(not to be filled in by the applicant
        

Technical questionnaire
to be completed in connection with an application for plant breeders’ rights

1. Species                                                Arachis hypogaea

    1(a) Sub Species                                hypogaea/fastigiata

    2(b) Commertial Grouping                Virginia bunch

                                                                   Virginia runner
                                                                   Spanish
                                                                   Valencia

2. Applicant (Name and address)

 

  
3. Proposed denomination or breeder’s reference

 

 

      
4. Information on origin, maintenance and reproduction of the variety  

 

    
5. Characteristics of the variety to be indicated (the number in brackets refers to the corresponding characteristic in Test Guidelines; please mark the state of expression which best corresponds).
S.No Characteristics State Example varieties Note

1.
(3)

Time of flowering (50% of the plants with at least one open flower)

very early (<61 days)
early(61-90 days)
medium(91-130 days)
late( 131-160 days)
very late(>160 days)

   

1[  ]
3[  ]
5[  ]
7[  ]
9[  ]

2.
(4)

Plant: growth habit

indeterminate
determinat

    

1[  ]
2[  ]

3.
( 5 )

Stem : colour

green
purple

    

1[  ]
2[  ]

 4.
( 12 )

Pod: waxiness

absent
present

     

1[  ]
9[  ]
6. Similar varieties and differences from these varieties   

Denomination of
similar variety

Characteristic in
which the similar
variety is different @

 State of expression of similar variety

State of expression of
candidate variety
  

  

     

  

    

   

     

  

@ In the case of identical states of expressions of both varieties, please indicate the size of the difference.
7.   Additional information which may help to distinguish the variety

  

7.1  Resistance to insects-pests and diseases

  

7.2     Special conditions for the examinatio n of the variety

 

7.3 Other information

 

  

8.3   Authorization for release

(a) Does the variety require prior authorization for release under legislation
      concerning the protection of the environment, human and animal health?

               Yes              {     }                                                  No         {      }  

(b)    Has such authorization been obtained?  

                 Yes      {     }                                                         No        {      }           

       

[End of the document]

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